Newbery vs Caldecott Medals

The Newbery Medal is an honor awarded by the ALA for the most distinguished children's novel written the preceding year, Caldecott involves children's picture books.  Simplistically put, Caldecott awards are given to early readers, with few words and mostly pictures.  For example, previous winners are:

According to the ALA

"The Caldecott Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott. It is awarded annually by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children."

Read more at the ALA's Caldecott Website

Video on Caldecott Award;

The Newbery medal is geared more toward pre-teens and are almost always short novels. 

From the ALA: "
The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery. It is awarded annually by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children."

Read more at the ALA's Newbery website. 

Previous winners: 

Video on Newbery winners: